HAMA TANAMAN PADI

PESTS AND DISEASES

IMPORTANT PESTS

• White rice stem borer ("deadheart", Scirpophaga innotata)
• yellow rice stem borer (S. incertulas)
• Planthopper stem white backs (Sogatella furcifera)
• Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)
• Green Planthopper (Nephotettix impicticeps)
• javelin green (Nezara viridula)
• Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius)
• Ganjur (Pachydiplosis oryzae)
• Flies seeds (Arterigona exigua)
• Caterpillars army / Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura and S. exigua)
• Mice fields (Rattus argentiventer)

IMPORTANT DISEASES

• blast (Pyricularia oryzae, P. grisea)
• bacterial leaf blight ("crackle", Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae)

PROCESSING A RICE GRAIN

After the rice is harvested, grain or grain is separated from rice straw. Separation is done by a bunch of rice so that rice flail apart or with the aid of a centrifuge grain. Grain is released then collected and dried. In ancient times, the grain is not trimmed away from the straw, and dried with merangnya. Drying usually takes three to seven days, depending on the brightness of the sun's radiation. Use the dryer rarely done. The term "Dry Milled Grain" (MPD) refers to grain that has been dried and ready to be milled. (See external link). Grain is a form of sale of rice products for export or wholesales trade. The dried grain is stored or directly ground / milled, so apart from rice husk (grain leather). Rice is a processed form that is sold at the consumer level. The byproduct obtained from this separation are:

• husks (or straw), which can be used as fuel

• bran, rice bran powder namely; used as animal feed, and

• bran, coarse bran mixed with bran flakes are small: for cattle feed.

Rice can be steamed or steamed rice ready to be eaten. Or steamed glutinous rice with excess water will become mush. Steaming rice can also be done with wrapping, for example with woven young coconut leaves into a diamond, a rice cake in banana leaf, or a bamboo tube called lemang (usually with coconut milk). Rice can also be processed into beverages (rice kencur) or jerky medication to reduce the feeling of pain (param).

RICE PRODUCTION AND WORLD TRADE

This section requires the actualization

Leading rice producing countries are China (31% of total world production), India (20%), and Indonesia (9%). However, only a small portion of rice production world traded between countries (only 5% -6% of total world production). Thailand is a major exporter of rice (26% of the total rice traded in the world), followed by Vietnam (15%) and the USA (11%). Indonesia is the world's biggest rice importer (14% of the rice traded in the world), followed by Bangladesh (4%), and Brazil (3%). Indonesia's rice production in 2006 was 54 million tons, and in 2007 was 57 million tonnes (figure forecast III), who missed the original target of 60 million tonnes due to drought caused by ENSO phenomenon