BARUS TAPANULI TENGAH

Barus is a district in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Barus city is located on the edge of the West Coast of Sumatra. Barus as Emporium and the city center century civilization 1-17 M, and is also called by other names, namely Fansur.

In the past Kapur Barus and spices is one of the valuable commodities of the region and traded up to the Arabs, and Parsia. Kapur Barus very fragrant and a key ingredient in the treatment in the Arabic and Persian. The greatness of this lime was spread throughout the world and resulted in him hunted down and resulted in higher prices. Exploration excess of mothballs this resulted in no further regeneration of old tree recently. Currently very difficult to meet the camphor tree, even if there is still not reached the age old powder produced in the middle of the tree trunk.

Barus old town became one of the destinations for researchers of Islamic archeology, both from domestic and from abroad, particularly in the Old Lobu France and Indonesia where researchers conduct archaeological exploration. Today we can see the heritage of Islam in Barus, namely the existence of graves and tombs Mahligai Tenggi Board.

Here sebahagian experts involved in the exploration and preservation of cultural Barus: Prof.Dr.Hasan Muarrif Ambari (Islamic Archaeology), Prof Dr Ludwick Calli, Prof. Dr. C. Guillot and Dr. Daniel Perret (French archaeologist), Prof Dr Nik Hassan Datok Shuaimi (expert history of University Kebangsaan Malaysia), Prof Dr Azyumardi Azra (historians Univ. Sharif Hidayatullah State Islamic), Prof Dr M Dachnel Kamars MA (expert education administration Padang State University), Dr M Nur MS (University historians Andalas).

REGIONAL HISTORY

Before the independence of Indonesia, Barus territory covers areas located in the District Barus, Manduamas, Sirandorung, Andam Dewi, Sosorgadong, District Sorkam, Sorkam West and fro are now entering into the area of ​​Central Tapanuli. Onwards District Pakkat, Parlilitan, Tara and Star Crush Onan now entered the district Humbang Hasundutan. Some local districts and cities Subulussalam Singkil in Aceh Province. Barus area formerly known as Barus Kingdom. Barus Kingdom Region consists of:

1.      Barus CITY includes Barus State Council, City of Barus, Barus Homecoming, Tukka Holbung, the Council of State following Pasaribu Dolok villages among others, Kinali, Middle Farm, New Farm, Old Lobu, Uratan, Rina Alternating, Sirami-ramian, Sogar, Pangaribuan , Sinomba skelter, Sihorbo, Purba Old Aek Dakka, Siharbangan, Pananggahan, Bukit Hasang, Patupangan, Sigambo-gambo, Kadei Tower, etc..

2.      Barus EAST consists of the Council of State Sorkam, Sorkam right, left Sorkam, Sorkam Market, Bottot, Gulf Roban, Pahieme, Bukkit, Pagaran-Lance, Riana Field, Pasaribu Tobing, Gotting Mahe, the capital Hurlang fro, Sipakpahi, etc. other.

3.      Barus NORTH include Tukka Dolok Nagari Council, District Pakkat, District Parlilitan and Onan Crush (North Tapanuli, Foreign Affairs Siranggason Simanullang, Rambe Affairs, the following villages such as Batu Gaja Siantar-sitanduk, Situbu-tubu, Tara Star, Aek Riman , Sibua kare, Huta Ambasang, Sigalapang, Aek Sopang, Tolping, Siambaton Julu, Temba, Arbaan, Parbotihan, Sanggaran, Huta Julu, Sihikkit, Banuarea, Sijarango, Sitonong, sampean, Kalasan, Pusuk, and others.

4.      Barus WEST, consisting of the Council of State Siambaton Napa, Manduamas, Gosong-Ponds, Laebutar, New Singkil (Suraya) following villages include Pardomuan, Tumba, Binjohara, Pagaran-Pinang, Saragih, Purti, Balno, Rimau, Oboh, Runding , Tambisi, Sikoran, Napagalu, Bistang, Base Surambi, Lipek Kajang, Pakkiraman, Sirimo-Flower-Tolu, Village Hardware, Lae Gambir, Bonang, Siteraju, Namasondol, Suro, Uruk-flat, Tanjung Mas, Subulussalam, and etc..

Suspension bridge over Aek Raisan in 1905

5.      SOUTH Barus of Indonesia is the ocean front there Mursala Island, Island Sorkam, Panei Island, Coral Island, Ulak Earth, Centipede Island, Mangki-Tower Island, Long Island, Sarok Island, and Island Sikandang. The total area of ​​Barus Kingdom is estimated at more than 400,000 ha, extending along the west coast of Sumatra, between the Estuary fro estuaries in the Southeast until Simpang Kanan. Greatest rivers, among others, Aek Raisan fro across the country, Aek Sibondong, upstream Dolok City bun in Humbang Hasundutan and empties into Sorkam Market.

In the June 1946 session of the National Committee through the Regional Residency Tapanuli, Sibolga district formed / Central Tapanuli. As it did in Central Tapanuli began to be formed to replace the sub-district government system Onder Afdeling District. Sibolga is a district that was first formed, followed by Moss and Barus. Thus at the time Barus status officially became a district. Barus Kingdom region itself is divided up according to the provisions in force at the time. The Sorkam still in the District Barus. With Emergency Law no. 7 In 1956, in North Sumatra regency established autonomous regions, including Central Tapanuli. By law it is also a Municipal Sibolga. Sorkam separation of sub Barus based the provision which states that every district should have a two and one kewedanaan kewedanaan must be at least two districts. Barus Wedana consists of Barus and District Sub Sorkam. Based on the PP. 35/1992 dated July 13, 1992 concerning the establishment of 18 districts in North Sumatra, the Central Tapanuli got two autonomous regions Manduamas the district which is a result of the expansion of sub fro Barus and District resulting from the division of the District Sibolga. In accordance with the development of regional growth that occurred in Indonesia, the District of Barus was expanded many times. In a couple of years only to be sub-divided into two sub Manduamas the district and sub-district Manduamas Sirandorung. While the District Barus divided into several districts, namely District Barus, Sosorgadong District, District and Sub Andam Dewi North Barus.

After Sorkam off Barus, the District Barus before the split has many villages and village names as follows: Sibintang, Barangbang, Sosorgadong (which later became the name of a separate district), Siantar CA, Muara Alternating, Siantar Dolok, uta Spear, Unte Boang, Purba Old, Huta Ginjang, Sijungkang, Pariksinomba, Sihorbo, Pananggahan, Kade Tower, Sigambo-gambo, Kampung Solok Terandam Market, Kinali, Village Market Gerigis Stone, Joint Hasang, Patupangan, Stone Edge, Village Padang Masiang, Rice Lamo, Middle Field , Pumpkin Tuo, Uratan, Kampung Homecoming, Aek Dakka, Bondar Sihudon, Rina Alternating, Sosorgonting, Sirami-ramian, Pangaribuan, Sogar, Sigolang, Onan Manduamas Market (now a district capital Manduamas), Simpang III / Lae Bingke, Manduamas Lama, Siordang, Saragih, Pardomuan, Tumba CA, Sigolang, Binjohara and Simpang Maruhur.

LAY GEOGRAPHIC

To determine the state of astronomical geography with a regional approach based on the latitude and longitude location of the Barus area is located between 10 26-20 11 910-980 53 north latitude and east longitude. Before splitting Barus District directly adjacent to the province of Aceh and North Tapanuli. After the division of the district bordering Barus:

East of the District Sosorgadong South side with the Indonesian Ocean (Indian Ocean) the west Andam Dewi Northern District Kecamtan North Barus

Barus has 2 Sub Sub and several villages. Urban village is a Stone Market Masiang Gerigis and Padang. Both these villages have a function and position respectively. Gerigis Stone Village Market which is located directly adjacent to Ocean Indonesia became the center of trade and services. In this village stands the building trade centers and shops. Other office buildings are the Post Office and the Bank of North Sumatra. In the Village Market Building Stone Gerigis stand anyway SD, SMP Muhammadiyah right on Jl. R.A. Kartini. Field Services area is the center of transportation services outside the District Barus. Stations or passenger public transportation agency head around Jl. K.H. Zainul Arifin. Transport is the purpose served Medan, Sibolga, P.Sidempuan, Dolok bun and Singkil. If it becomes a central public transport, of course there are also lodging and eating houses.

While in the village of Padang Masiang a center of government and education. In this village office buildings stand among Barus District Head Office, Police Chief, KORAMIL, PLN, BRI, TELKOM, Public Health and the Office of KUA. Another building that stands Elementary School, Junior High School 1, SMA Negeri 1, Madrasah Aliyah, universities NU, School of Teacher Training and School HISIBA.

Among the villages and villages in each district Barus have land areas used by the population. These lands were classified as fertile and covered with trees of various kinds such as palm trees along the coast of the Indonesian Ocean. Barus Penanfatan land in District composed of township residents, rice, fields, ponds, swamps and others.

Disclosure briefly about the geographic location in an area that the District Barus hang one area in Central Tapanuli. The distance between Barus the capital district, ranging Pandan City lk 75 Km. reached an average of 2.5 hours to travel long wearer of four and two-wheeled vehicles. The area is densely populated Gerigis Stone Village Market and Market Village Terandam.

RELIGION AND ETHNIC

In District Barus three world religions namely Islam, Protestantism and Catholicism Christian coexistence. Ethnic Population Coastal District Barus inhabited predominantly Muslim. Another form of belief is a religious belief that Parmalim ancestors Batak tribe.

Coastal Ethnic diversity has its own culture and language. With regard to the ethnic division of the population owned spawned an all-'s Unity in Diversity. Similarly, in the District of Barus, Ethnic Coastal coexist with ethnic Minangkabau, Batak Toba, Mandailing, Aceh, Pakpak, Nias, Bugis and Javanese. Nevertheless Arab, India and China are still there in the District of Barus.

District residents are ethnic Barus Coast generally have tribal clans according to parent. Surnamed many Batak society such as: Pasaribu, Sinaga, Sinambela, Tarihoran, Sitanggang, Sihombing, Tanjung, Pohan, Samosir, Limbong and others. There is also the surname of Mandailing as Nasution, Lubis, Coal, and tribes Matondang Chaniago Minang them. From Ethnic Nias no surname Harefa, lase. So also from the clan Pakpak Gaja, Tumanggor and others.

With the various ethnic groups that can raise unity nurtured well. The number of ethnic groups in the district Barus likely not be separated from the nickname of 'Old Town'. As we know that Barus was once the international port served by a variety of ethnic groups and tribes in the world to get camphor and spices.

ECONOMY

To support a decent life then the economy determines the level of prosperity of a region. In District Barus community livelihoods as the backbone of a decent life support it. Profession there is a fishing community, employees, farmers and trade. Livelihoods can be divided into various sectors including fisheries or marine sector, the industrial sector, services and trade sectors.

1. Fishery

As the area directly adjacent to the Indonesian Ocean, the population of the District of Barus many fishermen. Generally, fishermen in the district depend Barus of marine fisheries. The village is the center of marine products such transactions are in the Village Market or Kualo Terandam (local term) and Kade Village Tower. Kualo became the center of fishing, the place is equipped with a fish auction. Kualo harbor in the village Terandam market is the most active region in the Barus. Among the activities related to fishing, there are bots shipbuilding, manufacture of ice, vehicles transporting fresh fish to the capital of North Sumatra, Medan, to Sibolga, Padang, Dolok bun and other areas. Sales of fish low in the region by Barus in pitchman peddling bicycle or motorcycle vehicles. Local people call it pangalong-along. Fish sellers were there on the day of 'Onan' (weeks) on Saturdays and Wednesdays.

As a means of transportation or a place for fishermen to catch fish will require freight boat called "BOT", amounting to hundreds of pieces, made of meranti wood and limestone brought from there Mursala island off the coast of Sibolga. Boat consists of body, a simple one room cabin motor that can carry between 170 to 280 m 3. In addition Bot fishermen also empowers jongkong boat transportation facilities (boats), board the boat (the Big Dipper), outboard motors (sitempel), step on the chart and chart the boat.

To support the transport facilities and equipment where the equipment fishermen use a net or trawl capture. In the surrounding area there exists Barus payang trawl, beach seine / dogal, bag nets, traps traps, longlines, fishing, fixed gill nets, ring nets and gill nets hayut.Selain sea, the fishermen also have other activities such as basket-making, repairing nets and where drying fish.

2. Pertanian

In addition to fishing, the Barus hasi have income from farming. Its area are planted with rice paddy field. Yields of rice needed by the community for their daily needs. Because ground water hujuan persawahannya most expect, then finished harvesting their communities can not do much to make the other.

3. Industry

In District Barus developing small and medium industries are managed on an individual basis. Industries that include salting fish, ice plant, coffee plant, industrial manufacturing stroop (siroop), crackers, woven pandanus leaves.

4. Service

Blacksmith, car repair shop, motorcycle shop, bike reperasi, cas batrey, tire, copy, salons, photographers, reperasi radio / TV, a boat repair shop, welding shop, carpentry furniture, brick-making, shipbuilding. Transportation services, accommodation services (hotels) and restaurants. In the District there are a variety of lodging the Barus Fasyuri hotel located in Jl. A. Yani Barus, and lodging in the village of Padang Each Pesanggarahan.

5. Trade

People who work as traders generally reside in Keluarahan Gerigis Stone Market. Trading activities conducted in Onan (market) that occurred on Wednesday and Saturday. The traders come from outside Barus. Traders vegetables come from Dolok bun, Pakkat. As for day-to-day needs of the local community are provided. Wednesdays and Saturdays are busy days for communities Barus. Merchants building materials, clothing merchants occupy the stalls. While traders selling vegetables on the sidewalk.

POTENTIAL FOR TOURISM

Barus surrounding area in terms of all aspects of having a huge potential especially tourism potential. Nautical tourism sector and other natural beauty. This is supported by the natural conditions and the Barus a suave and many attractions are scattered territory. The beach is an attraction in itself prima donna owned Barus. Besides Barus district also has historical attractions such as the Portuguese fort and ancient tombs is the tomb of the Muslim missionaries of the past. The famous tomb is the tomb Mahligai and the Board of Appeal. Unfortunately Barus tourism potential in the district have not really utilized as a tourist destination that many displaced have not managed properly.

To support the tourists who will visit Barus, so travelers can use a plane from Jakarta to Medan, Medan may use land transport directly to Barus. Bus routes serving the Medan-Barus among CV SAMPRI addressable Jl. Jamin Ginting Brastagi field direction. Or use aircraft to Sibolga through Pinangsori Airport, for 30 minutes, from Sibolga takes 2.5 hours journey back towards Barus. Barus destination to travel can also use the minibus from Medan to Sibolga for 7-8 hours. Transport serving the Medan-Sibolga many of whom Sympathy CV, CV Sibuluan Beautiful addressable Jl. SM.Raja Medan. Now there are travel services antelope species Barus capsule from Medan to the CV. Barus Lovely as a pioneer of the first ground transportation services using a fleet-based Kijang Capsule behind Exemplary Stadium field, followed by Inda Taxi, Travel Aulia and CV. Barus Son Travel is located at Jl. rod no. 231 A front office of the governor of the old city of Medan. (KF editor. Pardosi).

For those who have a personal vehicle to travel to Barus by road; From Medan - Parapat - Balige - Siborong-borong - Dolok bun - Barus or Medan - Brastagi - Kabanjahe - Sidikalang - Dolok bun - Barus. Can also through Medan route - Parapat - Balige - Tarutung - Sibolga - Barus