THESIS TOURISM ACADEMY IV

CHAPTER IV
OVERVIEW MAIMOON PALACE

A. Established history Maimoon Palace

Maimoon history of the palace can not be separated from the reign of Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alam Shah, who ruled the Sultanate of Deli from 1873 to 1924. The history of the founding of the Palace where Maimoon based on sources from the Sultanate of Deli paper is as follows.

Sultan, who was crowned at a young age is ruled from 1873 to 1924. During his reign, advancing tobacco trade and prosperity Kesultahanan Deli peaked. He moved to the center of the kingdom and establish lstiana Medan Maimun on August 26, 1888, which was inaugurated on May 18, 1891.

                                      Picture Maimoon Palace

 In addition Maimun Palace in his reign, he also set up as follows:

1.      Mosque Al-Mashun founded in 1907 and officially opened on Friday, 10 September 1909 (25 Shaban 1329 H).

2.      In 1906 built a density office that serves as the court of justice to the reign of Sultan Ma'mun Alrasyid Perkasa Alam Shah. Seakarang is the former office of regent Level II Deli Serdang, and inaugurated on May 5, 1913.

3.      Also he was a lot of build facilities for the advancement of the public interest other people and also 2 pieces of building mosques in these areas for the benefit of religious symbols of Islam at that time.

Instantly late Majesty Tuanku Sultan Mahmud Perkasa Alam's death, lord of glory adult Sultan Alam Shah Ma'amun Alrasyid Perkasa youth, which is not yet teenagers. This king was born on Monday 13 Zulkaidah H 1271, coinciding with the 1853 M.
Therefore, the king is not a substitute father ditabalkan emperor king. But for the time being and its leaders are determined to be the first tungkat The Shockingly Highness Tengku Sulaiman, Raja Muda District Deli, and the second eldest Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Sea, Prince Raja Wazir Foreign Affairs Bedagai Deli.

So after the king Sultan Ma'amun Alrasyid teenage, when the 17-year, precisely on Saturday 4th Muharram 1291 H coincides with the 1873 M, ditabalkanlah became Sultan Deli Empire State, with the title Sultan Tuanku Ma'amun Alrasyid Perkasa Alam.
During the empire came to power Acte van Verband has added a few more chapters, on 14 November 1875 the lord of glory Ma'amun Alrasyid Sultan Perkasa Alam with The Happy and The Preferred Shockingly Mr Big Island Resident East Coast Perca Locker Stoffel de Bruijne and ratified by Sri Paduka The lordship Major General Gouverneur Indies Olanda Van Lansbergen on March 10, 1976, that the happenings in and out picking up results.

In 1294 H or 1876 AD, the king set out with the people of the Kingdom of the State Deli to Bengkalis in order to meet and introduce himself to The Happy and The Preferred Shockingly Great Sir Perca Island resident and domiciled overseas colonial conquests in Bengkalis, representatives of the Dutch Government. After Majesty berusi 48 years on the throne of the Kingdom of the State Deli, then increase again at this time that some of the Guild [Company] plantation. Discretion during his reign, the avenger services as virtuous by the king Sri Maharani [Queen of the Netherlands] has dikurniakan two Bahdari (Charter Award), namely: (1) Commandeur in de Order van Oranje Nassau, and (2) in de Ridder van Order de Nederlandsche Leeuw.

Furthermore, on October 30, 1883 held more additional agreement between Tuanku Sultan of glory Ma'amun Alrasyid with Yang Amat Perkasa Alam Happier and The Preferred East Resident Mr. Kroesen with Perca Island ratified by Sri Paduka Yang di-Pertuan the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies O. Van Ress on December 26, 1884, which determines people's affairs. Then on March 5, 1885 plus the Empire State Deli agreement between the Government of the Netherlands, namely the collection of excise goods in and out of Padang Bedagai (High Cliff Deli).

On the day of Saturday, May 16, 1903 to coincide H 19 Syafar 1321, at 8:40 am local time, set up the Office of Court density Sultan in Jalan Raja. On Tuesday 1st of Rajab 1324 H, or August 21, 1906 AD, again starting at 8:00 am groundbreaking ceremony for establishing Almansun Mosque in Jalan Raja Masun City and began to be used for prayer on Friday 25 Shaban 1327 AH, coinciding 10 September 1909 M, which was attended by Sri Paduka of glory Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Abdul Jalil Mercy of the State and of glory Langkat my parents Syariful Alam Sultan Sulaiman, of the State Serdang.

B. Maimoon Palace and the Environment

Maimoon Palace is one of the cultural heritage of our ancestors are still alive (life monument) located in the Village Aur, District of New Medan, Medan. The palace is located about 3 kilometers from Medan Polonia International Airport and 28 kilometers from the Port of Belawan. This building stands majestically on top of a piece of land measuring 217 times 200 meters, surrounded by an iron fence and a concrete one meter and facing eastwards. In the palace's west flowing River Deli, and to the south there is a shopping and residential building society Medan. In the north bounded by Jalan Tanjung Medan, while the road ahead is Katamso Brig, which is one of the protocols in Medan.
As usual Islamic sultanate palace building in the days of yore, who always hand in hand with the building of mosques, then about 200 meters in front of the building there Maimoon Masjid Al-Manshun. Former serves as the imperial mosque, but is now a mosque for the general public.

The mosque is known as the Mosque of Medan and is one of the most beautiful mosques in the region, dating from the Islamic kingdom in Indonesia the past. This mosque contains architectural elements of the Middle East, India, Europe, and the Malays. In addition to the Grand Mosque, in front of the Maimoon there are also other buildings that have historical ties with Maimoon palace, because it was built by the same character and the same period also, the Garden Sri Deli and Hall current density has changed its function into one a government office in Medan.

Maimoon vast palace is 2772 square meters, and according to the schematics can be divided into three Courant, the main building, left wing and right wing. Building parent has the viewer on the front and back. The length of the front of the building is 75.30 meters and 14.40 meters high. Two-storey building is supported by 82 pole pieces around rocks and wooden poles with 43 arches shaped hull upturned boat and horse shoe. The roof is pyramid shaped and dome (dome), while in terms of the material is shingles and copper (zinc). Top of the pyramid are the main building, left and right wing. While the roof dome (dome) three pieces are on the front appearance.

Seen from the point of architecture there is a whole shape of the roof is bertupang (nested) two. Through the corridors of marble bertangga we can rise to the level of the two main buildings are terraced on the left and right called the pavilion. Through the front gate of our European-style sliding door to the room that functions as a living room. In this room sultan receiving official guests. On the left and right of the living room, there is a Bulik (room), the second room was formerly a working room for the ladies penjawat and helpers men and women sultan. through the gate with the arch-shaped hull upturned boat filled with carvings and geometric motifs floralistis we can enter the room holding the main building area of ​​412 square meters that used to serve as a hall Deli Sultanate. This room was used as a royal coronation ceremony and other ceremonies. As the name implies, this is where the sultan received other imperial princes.

On the left side of this room there is a sultan's throne colorful, rectangular shape complete with dome and pointy arches on three sides. Assembly Hall is lit by crystal chandeliers made in Europe. On the walls of the room are paper-based oil paint floral and geometric motivated, there are distilisasi and some are naturalistic style.

On the ceiling there is also the same motif ornament placed on rectangular fields and octagon. In addition, the walls of this room were hung figura and paintings and photographs of Sultan Deli earlier today. that interest is at an angle or mirror frames that are golden yellow floral ornament distilisasi such a way that reminded the form m akara. Above the mirror or casement figura keel boat capsized there are holes wind (fentilasi) barred round and stick a sprig connection made of brass.

The combination of the windows of the boat upside down with a rounded hole like this, there is also the highway in front of the mosque Maimoon. The doors of the hall as high and wide, reminiscent of European-style buildings in particular the Netherlands. Above the threshold there is fentilasi with bars, there is a rectangular-shaped and some shaped keel boat capsized. Doors are generally two layers, the outer portion and the outer is made entirely of wood, while the portion is made of wood and glass. In the areas of the rectangular portion in the door there is a flower-shaped ornament that is growing from sebuh vase painted in the style of naturalism. In addition, this also indoors there are several sets of chairs made in Europe.

Through an arcade with arches upturned boat hull with rich ornaments and geometric floralistis. We came to a room that was in beklakang viewer. This spacious room is 94 square meters, which in the space formerly used as wedding ceremonies and dining room (dinning hall) family sultan. Dinner is usually prepared and served by the ladies who occupied two small rooms on the left and right in the hall and dining room. In this room we find two seats (the throne of the sultan) and two wardrobes, two desks and toilets made in Europe.

Courant Maimoon palace in it (top) has 12 rooms, two large rooms for royal ceremonies and 10 smaller rooms for completeness. The bottom side there were 10 rooms including bathroom, kitchen, office sultan, and while in prison, as well as storage of goods. On the right side, in front of the palace stands a building called Karo home. In dalmnya placed a cannon that has been mutilated. Partly by the public, are considered sacred objects and sacred and always dihubngkan with historical legends Putri Hijau. Approximately 10 meters in front of the stage there Maimoon who formerly was the foundation or cornerstone dau berpungsi horse statues as shower (water spout).

C. Archaeological Overview and Architecture

In this section, this paper is an overview of the books written by the author team of the Government of North Sumatra province, 1981/1982, titled Technical Study Maimoon Medan Istana Utilization Project, Restoration and Maintenance of Historical and Archeological Sumatra. Also the book History of Medan Tempo Doeloe by Tengku Luckman Rays, in 1991, published in Medan, publishers and Development Research Institute of Malay Cultural Arts Task Force MABMI.

Maimoon Palace which was established at a cost of Fl. 100,000 with architect KNIL soldier named Captain Th. van Erp was designed to integrate a variety of styles, namely traditional style Malay palace that extends in front and two storey, as well as patterns of Islamic civilization of India (Moghul), and the adoption of European-style architecture.

So also in the carvings, especially in the living Hall of Sri combined various elements of culture. Traditional Malay carvings can be seen on the fence Tringgalum, "fringe on lespfank the form of" bud shoots "of the famous, the wall next to it with a cloud Boyan, ceiling with cubism style Islamic India.

The newly established throne throne in the reign of Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alam, for a long time and one of the images during Mamun Sulthan Alrasyid rule, pedestal shape. At present throne we see carved foliage and flowers carved c'orak Malays are tobacco flower, carved over the front of the cloud Boyan, beside the circle of sunflowers.

Under Dutch and Malay inscriptions found on sekeplng marble pillars at both ends of the ascent, it is known that the laying of the first stone construction of the palace Maimoon held on August 26, 1889 by Sulthan Alrasyid Perkasa Alam Mamun and began to be occupied on the date of May 18, 1891. Thus, until now the palace has been a century-old course of the archaeological point of this period is not too old. But the old or ancient notion itself from its angle relative chronology, if associated with archaeological laws are still valid in our country is Monumenten Stbl Ordinance. No.238 of 1931, in particular article 1, paragraph 1 {a), it is clear that the palace Maimoon include ancient buildings or monuments.

In other words, in terms of legislation (formal legal) need and should be protected, maintained and preserved as it has aged more than 50 years to be passed on to generations flenerus nation, even if it is associated with the provisions of Decree No.. lV/MPR/1978 about the outlines of state policy, termasukpula therein u'pacara tradisionai ceremony, both sacred worth and non-sacred ever conducted in the past in the palace Maimoon. Because it is part of the traditional values ​​and culture that characterizes the personality and identity of the nation mempertebalrasa self-esteem and national pride as well as strengthening the spirit of national unity.

Although in terms of chronological age of the building is not very old, but from the standpoint of architecture and art history is very important because it contains architectural values ​​are high. In this building elements of art etched lndonesia building with outside elements such as, Arts Persian, Indian and European. The combination of these different anhm reflected in the schematics, roof shape, ornamentation or decoration, and so forth. Although the building is composed of 3 parts, namely the main building and two wings if you look carefully, the plan of each part's reminiscent of the ground plan Islamic buildings such as mosques, palaces in the Middle East or the Indian in the past. The middle of rectangular shaped and is usually the open space in the ancient mosques in the Middle East and the Indian called Shan and on each side there is an image called the shelter roof or sutuh Mugatha. In Maimoon palace, part of which is open, both the parent building and two wings covered with a pyramid-shaped roof that is spacious halls and wide, whereas the arcade which surrounds every room or the apparent rnengingatkan on Mugatha or sutuh, although construction is not the same true because in the arcades there are ternbok or wall complete with doors and windows wood.

Similarly arches or arcades, either in the form of an upturned boat hull, ata tapered and curved arch or horse shoe shaped curved roof reminiscent of the original image on the form or liwanat liwin Islamic art dalarn Middle East and India. Arcade arches shaped or inverted boat hull or a pointed arch in the arts of Islam known as the Persian arches, which are widely used companies in Turkey, Indian, and European. It is obvious that the front portion of the palace is reminiscent Maimoon facade buildings form of Islamic Middle Eastern style.

Unless arcade forms mentioned above, the influence of Islamic art Middle East and India is seen also in the roof dome. At the peak of the roof there is a crescent ornaments that experts say is often associated as a symbol of peace, Islam delivered without violence. In addition to floor plan, roof domes, arches (arcade), jeweled crescent moon is at its peak, the influence of Islamic art is more visible again in the ornamentation, surface curvature (face arcade) is rich with decoration of flowers and plants meandering with oil paint, decoration floralistis than stylized so reminiscent of the notif tumpal and mekara, also painted naturalistic.

Unless floral motifs, geometric patterns are a combination menoniet iuga very ornate polygonal (many-sided), octagonal (eight-sided) and circles. The motive of this kind is particularly present in the walls of the arch surfaces, ceilings and so on. In addition, these motifs form tertihat Puti papoa bars, the windows (windows) or rectangular shaped arches reminiscent of the carved walls of the Indian style. In this kind of decoration Indonesians often referred to garnish Terawangan or kerawangan, other than as decoration, these ornaments can serve as fentilasi or wind holes. Unless the influence of Middle Eastern and Islamic art Indians, outside elements that stand out on this Maimoon Palace is the influence of European art, which is partly the building materials imported from Europe. For example traso marble tiles and supporters, even entire collection is sepertl chairs, table, sideboard, table, is made in Europe.
Although the outside elements so prominent, but the elements of the art building in the palace Maimoon lndonesia still visible, such as on the roof of a pyramid or multilevel construction bertumpang 'In addition to the front display are carved with ornate lesplank shoots shoots. Therefore, self diiihat terms of architecture, the palace Maimoon has a high value and occupy its own place in the history of Islamic art in Indonesia. An expert on Islamic culture Indopnesia named Abu Bakr Mosque in Aceh menyebukan that field which is located in front of the palace Maimoon as representing one of the mosques in Islamic art forms lndonesia. If you look at the palace Maimoan can also be referred to as the only building palace to represent Islam in Indonesian art forms that relate to art ornament Islamic Middle East and India.

In addition, if you linked to the location and facing palace mosque associated with the palace mosque turns laying patterns of the ancient palace of the square as a point sentranya, incomplete at this Maimoon Palace. Even probable that the area between the mosque Palace building was once a dirt field or square. Therefore, from the point of archeology and architecture Maimoon Palace is one of the monuments to be protected, nurtured, and well preserved, so that future generations do not lose data in reconstructing their past.