PLANT STRAWBERRIES

PLANT STRAWBERRIES

1. A BRIEF HISTORY
Strawberries are herbaceous plants such as fruit that was first discovered in Chile, USA. One of the strawberry plant species Fragaria chiloensis L spread to many countries America, Europe and Asia. Furthermore, other species, namely F. Vesca L. more widespread than other species. Type of strawberry is also the first time in Indonesia.

2. TYPES OF PLANTS
Botanical classification strawberry plants are as follows:

Division: Spermatophyta
Sub Division: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Fragaria
Species: Fragaria spp.

Strawberries that we find in supermarkets is a hybrid resulting from a cross F. of Virginia L. Duchesne var North American origin with F. chiloensis L. Duchesne var from Chile. Hybrid crosses that produce a modern strawberry (commercial) Fragaria x annanassa var Duchesne. Introduction strawberry varieties that can be grown in Indonesia is Osogrande, Pajero, Selva, Ostara, Tenira, Robunda, Bogota, Elvira, Grella and Red Gantlet. In Cianjur Hokowaze Japanese varieties planted rapid fruition. Farmers Lembang (Bandung) that has long been planted strawberries, using local varieties of Bengal and Pineapple suitable for making processed foods such as strawberries hours.

3. BENEFIT PLANT

Strawberry fruit is used as food in fresh or processed state. Food products made from strawberries have been widely known as syrup, jam, or stup (compote) strawberries.

4. PLANTING CENTER

It can be said that the cultivation of strawberries not widely known and popular. Because it requires low temperatures, cultivation in Indonesia should be done in the highlands. Lembang and Cianjur (West Java) is a regional agricultural center where many farmers have started cultivating strawberries. It can be said that for now, the second region is the center of the planting strawberries.

5. GROWTH CONDITIONS

5.1. Climate

Strawberry plants can grow well in areas with rainfall 600-700 mm / year.
The duration of sunlight exposure needed for growth is 8-10 hours per day.
Strawberries are subtropical plants that can adapt well in tropical highlands have temperatures 17-20 degrees C.
Humidity is good for growing strawberry plants between 80-90%.

5.2. Growing Media

If planted in the garden, the land required is sandy clay, fertile, friable, contains lots of organic matter, good water and good air.
The degree of acidity of the soil (soil pH) are ideal for the cultivation of strawberries in the garden is 5.4-7.0, while for cultivation in pots is 6.5-7,0.
If planted orchards then required groundwater depth is 50-100 cm of the soil surface. If grown in pots, the media must have the shaft, easy merembeskan airdan nutrients are always available.

5.3. The Altitude

Elevation qualified climate is 1000-1500 meters above sea level.

6. GUIDELINES CULTIVATION

6.1. Nurseries

Strawberries propagated by seed and vegetative seedlings (seedling and stolon or root tendrils). The seed requirement per hectare between 40000-83350.

Propagation by seed
Seeds purchased from the farm shop, soak the seeds in water for 15 minutes then keringanginkan.
Nursery box or plastic wooden box, filled with a mixture of medium soil, sand and manure (compost) soft clean (1:1:1). Seeds sown evenly over the media and cover with a thin soil. Seedling box covered with clear plastic or glass and stored at-20 degrees C. temperatur18
Nursery watered every day, after the seed leaves two plot strands are ready dipindahtanam to weaning with a distance of 2-3 cm between the seeds. Media planting beds with the media weaning nursery. Shaded beds with clear plastic. While in the seedbed, seedlings were foliar fertilizer. After measuring 10 cm and plants merumpun, seeds moved into the garden.
Vegetative seedlings for cultivation of strawberries in the garden of the selected parent plants must be aged 1-2 years old, healthy and productive. Preparation of seedlings and saplings stolon are as follows:

Seed progeny: Clumps unloaded with a hoe, the parent plant is divided into sections that contain at least one child. Each seedling is planted in a polybag 18 x 15 cm containing a mixture of soil, sand and manure Halis (1:1:1), store in a plastic-roofed huts nursery.
Seeds stolon: Clumps have selected the first and second root tendrils. Both vine roots are cut. Seedlings planted in or polybag 18 x 15 cm containing a mixture of soil, sand and manure (1:1:1). After 10 cm tall and leafy, seedlings ready to be moved into the garden.
Seeds for cultivation of strawberries in a polybag: Seeding from seed or seedling / stolon done the same way, but the planting medium grain rice mix and manure (2:1). Once the seedlings in the nursery or seed from a leafy two chicks / stolon in small polybags (18 x15) is ready to move, big polybag seedlings transferred to 30 x 20 cm containing the same medium. In this polybag seedlings maintained to produce.

6.2. Media Processing Plant

Cultivation in the Garden Without Plastic Mulch
At the beginning of the rainy season, the area cultivated with good depth of 30-40 cm.
Keringanginkan for 15-30 days.
Create a raised bed: width 80 x 100 cm, 30-40 cm tall, long adapted to land, the distance between beds 40 x 60 cm or ridges: width 40 x 60 cm, 30-40 cm tall, long adapted to land, the distance between the ridges 40 x 60 cm.
Sprinkle 20-30 tons / ha manure / compost evenly over the surface of the beds / ridges.
Let beds / ridges for 15 days. f) Make the planting hole with a 40 x 30 cm, 50 x 50 cm or 50 x 40 cm.
Cultivating the Garden With Plastic Mulch.
At the beginning of the rainy season, the area treated well and keringanginkan 15-30 days.
Make beds: width 80 x 120 cm, 30-40 cm tall, long adapted to the land, the distance between beds of 60 cm or ridges: bottom width 60 cm, width of 40 cm, 30-40 cm tall, long adapted to the land, the distance between beds of 60 cm.
Keringanginkan 15 days.
Sprinkle and mix with soil beds / ridges 200 kg urea, 250 kg SP-36 and 100 kg / ha KCl.
Flush until moist.
Replace the black plastic mulch covered beds, silver or black / ridges and reinforced the edges with the help of a U-shaped bamboo
Make a hole in the plastic base size cans of sweetened condensed milk. The distance between the holes in the line 30, 40 or 50 cm, so the spacing to 40 x 30, 50 x 50 or 50 x 40 cm.
Make the planting hole in the mulch pit earlier.
Liming: If the acid soils, 2-4 ton / ha lime calcite / dolomite scattered on the beds / ridges and mix evenly. Liming done immediately after seedbed / guludan completed.

6.3. Planting Techniques

Flush polybag containing the seeds and remove the seeds with media cropping carefully.
Planting a seedling in the planting hole and condense the soil around the base of the stem.
For plants without mulch, fertilize as many basic 1/3 of the recommended fertilizer dose (the recommended dose of 200 kg / ha urea, 250 kg SP-36 and 150 kg / ha KCl). Fertilizers in the hole as far as 15 cm on either side of the plant.
Water the soil around the base of the stem until moist.

6.4. Plant Maintenance

Stitching: Stitching done before the plant was 15 days after planting. Plants that are embroidered are dead or grow abnormally.
Weeding: Weeding is done on planting strawberries without or with plastic mulch. Mulching is between the rows / beds removed and buried in the ground. When weeding depends on the growth of weeds, fertilization is usually performed with aftershocks.
Perempelan / Pruning: Plants that are too dense, too many leaves should be trimmed. Prune regularly, especially throwing the leaves of old / damaged. Rejuvenated strawberry plants every 2 years.
Fertilization
Planting without mulch: Fertilizer aftershocks given 1.5 to 2 months after planting as much as 2/3 the recommended dosage. Providing a way sown in shallow bolt between the lines, then covered the ground.
Planting with mulch: Fertilizer aftershocks added if growth is not good. A mixture of urea, SP-36 and KCl (1:2:1,5) as much as 5 kg dissolved in 200 liters of water. Each plant watered with 350-500 cc fertilizer solution.
Irrigation and Watering: Up to 2 weeks old plants, watering is done 2 times a day. After that, watering is reduced gradually condition the soil does not dry out. Watering can with flushing or menjanuhi trenches between beds with water.
Mulch Installation Dry: dry mulch installed as early as possible after planting on beds / ridges that do not use the plastic mulch. Straw or hay 3-5 cm thick is spread on the surface of beds / ridges and between the rows of plants.