Roses

Rose is a shrub of the genus Rosa as well as the name of this plant produced flowers. Wild roses which consists of more than 100 species mostly grown in the northern hemisphere the tube cool. Species roses are generally a thorny shrub or climbing plant height can reach 2 to 5 meters. Although rare, a climbing rose plant height at the other plants can reach 20 meters.

Most species have leaves that are between 5-15 cm, two-two opposite (pinnate). Each compound leaf petiole consists of at least 3 or 5 to 9 or 13 young leaves and leaf leverage (stipula) elliptical, pertulangan pinnate, beringgit edge edges, tapered at the tip of the leaves and thorns on the stem close to the ground. Rose was not really tropical plants, most species shed all its leaves and only a few species in Southeast Asia evergreen throughout the year.

Flower consists of 5 pieces of leaf crown with the exception of Rosa sericea which only has 4 leaf crown. Flower color is usually white, pink or yellow and red in some species. Ovari is at the bottom petal petals and leaves.


Fruit roses (rose hips) from Rosa Canina
Flowers produce fruit aggregate (expanded from a single flower with many pistils), called rose hips. Each pistil develops into a single fruit (achene), while the collection of a single piece of fruit wrapped in bacon on the outside. Species with wide-open flowers more inviting arrival bees or other insects that help pollinate so tend to produce more fruit. Breeding roses produce flowers that leaf crown shut so difficult pollination. Some pieces of red roses with a few exceptions such as Rosa pimpinellifolia bearing fruit dark purple to black.
In some species such as Rosa Canina and Rosa rugosa rose hips fruit that is rich in vitamin C even among the natural sources of vitamin C are the most wealthy. Rose hips fruit favored fruit eating birds help spread the rose seeds with dirt is removed. Some birds such as finches also eat the seeds of the rose.

In general, roses have thorns shaped like a hook that serves as a grip while climbing plants. Some species that grows wild in sandy soil in coastal areas such as Rosa rugosa and Rosa pimpinellifolia adapt to straight needle-like spines that may serve to reduce the damage from edible animals, sand withstand the wind and protect the roots from erosion. Although it is protected thorns, deer do not seem afraid and often damaging roses. Some species roses have thorns that are not growing and not sharp.

Roses can be plagued with several diseases such as leaf rust which is the most serious disease. The cause is a fungus that causes Phragmidium mucronatum leaf loss. The disease is not as dangerous as Wheat Mildew caused by the fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa, whereas disease incidence marked black spots black spots on the leaves caused by the fungus Diplocarpon rosae. Rose is also a food for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species.

Roses thrive in temperate regions although some cultivars are the result of joining methods (grafting) can be grown in temperate to subtropical climates tropis.Selain as cut flowers, roses have many benefits, including antidepressants, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and sources of vitamin C. Rose oil is one of the essential oil distillation and evaporation result leaves so that the crown can be made into perfume. Roses can also be used for tea, jelly, and marmalade.

Garden roses are generally classified into three major groups:
• Wild roses (Wild Rose): originally grew wild, simple flower shape, already known to mankind since ancient times. Some species leading roses mentioned above and the resulting hybrids are some examples of wild roses.

• Old Garden Roses: plants from crosses before the introduction of the Hybrid Tea in 1867. Unique flower shape and smell nice. The following are the types of Old Garden roses arranged in order of age of the oldest:

• Alba: "white rose" from crosses with Rosa arvensis Rosa alba. These are some of the oldest garden roses, brought to England by the Romans. Bloom once a year. Example: 'Semi-plena', 'White Rose of York'.
• Gallica: a hybrid of R. gallica from central and southern Europe. Flower once in the summer. Example: 'Cardinal de Richelieu', 'Charles de Mills', 'Rosa Mundi' (R. gallica versicolor).
• Damask - brought to Europe from Persia by Robert de Brie is sometime between 1254 and 1276. Rose kinds Summer damasks (crosses between Gallica roses with Rosa phoenicea) bloom once in summer. Autumn Rose type damasks (crosses between Gallica with Rosa moschata) bloom in the fall. Example: 'Ispahan' and 'Madame Hardy'.
• Centifolia also known as Provence: literally means "thousand petals" are the result of breeding in the 17th century in the Netherlands. Bloom once a year, for example: 'Centifolia' and 'Paul Ricault'.
• Moss: close relatives still Centifolia, stems, leaves and petals like overgrown with green moss. Bloom once a year. Example: 'Comtesse de Murinais', 'Old Pink Moss'.
• China: can bloom repeatedly throughout the summer until late autumn. There are 4 types ('Slater's Crimson China', 1792, 'Parsons' Pink China '1793,' Hume's Blush China '1809, and' Parks 'Yellow Tea Scented China' 1824) were brought into Europe by the end of the 18th century and the century to-19. The types are then honored to Old Garden roses can bloom many times, like 'Old Blush China' and 'Mutabilis'.
• Portland: named after the Duchess of Portland who received roses from Italy in 1800). Roses are often known as' The Portland Rose '(another name: Rosa paestana or' Scarlet Four Seasons' Rose ') is an ancestor of Portland roses. Example: 'James Veitch', 'Rose de Rescht', 'The Portland Rose'.
• Bourbon: Roses from l'Île de Bourbon (now called Réunion, a French colony in the Indian Ocean) was introduced in France in 1823. From crosses 'Autumn Damask' and 'Old Blush China'. Flowering many times. Example: 'Louise Odier', 'Mme. Pierre Oger ',' Zéphirine Drouhin '.
• Hybrid Perpetual: Roses are often found in the UK in Victorian times, is a descendant of the Bourbon. Flowering many times. Example: 'Ferdinand Pichard', 'Reine Des Violettes'.
• Tea: Roses from crosses' Hume's Blush China 'or' Parks' Yellow Tea Scented China 'with different types of Bourbon and Noisette. Flowering many times though not always smell sweet like tea. Example: 'Lady Hillingdon'.
• Bermuda "Mysterious' Roses (Rose" mysterious "Bermuda): a group of several dozen roses Bermuda origin that have been developed for at least a century in Bermuda as" found. " Most likely the Bermuda Rose is branching or Old Garden Rose cultivars were discarded because they could not be used. Rose Bermuda has a high economic value because it can be grown in tropical and semi-tropical. This type of rose can bloom in the hot and humid weather. Resistant to damage caused by nematodes and diseases that threaten the Black Spots cultivating roses in hot and humid climates. Bermuda Rose called "mystery roses" because the original name of this type is not known anymore and simply named after the owner of the park.
• Climbing Roses (Climbing Rose): groups like vines on the fence or building canopies, for example: Ayrshire, Climbing China, Laevigata, sempervirens, Noisette, Boursault, Climbing Tea, and Climbing Bourbon.
• Shrub Roses (Rose Bushes): group with semi-climbing habit, vines on fences and buildings canopy. Flowers small to moderate, long-lasting blooms.
• Modern Garden Roses (Modern Rose Garden): Descendants of Old Garden roses and variegated forms. This group was divided according to the size of plant and flower characteristics, for example: "shrub with large flowers," shrub with large flowers repeatedly, "" interest groups, "" creeper, flower repeatedly, "" short shrubs, flowering all. "Most cultivars latest models can be classified into two groups:
• Hybrid Tea: Roses are ideal for cut flowers because the stem can produce 5 to 6 flowers. Flowers are large and graceful, has a compact leaf crown and edges slightly bent outward (see photo), often planted in small gardens and pinned on a jacket while attending a wedding ceremony.
• Floribunda: small flower which is a group of 10 or more flowers on a single stem. Lush flowers conspicuous from a distance so great for planting in public parks and other open spaces.
• Buck Roses: Named Professor Griffith Buck (horticulture experts from Iowa State University) that honors more than 90 varieties of roses. Buck roses are resistant to diseases and malignancies winter.
• English Roses: a group that is the result of a hybrid between Old Garden roses and modern roses. Fragrant flowers and flowering repeatedly.
• Miniature Roses: those with mini-sized flowers (2-5 cm diameter) and bloom repeatedly.

Rose is known in Indonesia are mostly kind of Hybrid Tea roses and Medium.